I watched Chris Coyier's excellent screencast #87 Moving up with MAMP (you certainly should too) on the subject of transferring a WordPress blog from a local server (or other development server) to a production server. Though he covered a lot of ground and set out a process perfect for less advanced users, especially those with no experience of the Terminal there are a few tricks that more advanced users will be able to use to save a lot of time and headaches.

1. Moving files

The only files that you need to upload are those specific to your installation of WordPress which are contained within the wp-content directory (with one notable exception but we will get to that later). The rest of the files can be fetched straight from the WordPress servers eliminating the lengthy period of time it takes even the better FTP clients to upload all the core WordPress files. This is done by connecting to the production server via SSH and issuing the following commands.

wget http://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz
tar xzf latest.tar.gz

You can then go ahead and upload the contents of the wp-content directory via FTP. However one file in particular will be missing - the .htaccess file used by WordPress to create the permalink structure of your site. You may wish to upload this from your WordPress directory but because the filename is prefixed with a . you are unlikely to be able to see it without changing the settings of your FTP client. The easiest thing is simply to ensure that when the site is uploaded you have WordPress rewrite these rules by disabling and then re-enabling permalinks in the WordPress settings panel.

2. References to the development domain in the DB

In the WordPress database multiple references are made in different records and tables to WordPress' location (i.e. the domain it resides on). When installing on a local development machine these settings are of course different from those of your production server and it is these settings which you will find in the database. This can be avoided however by editing your /etc/hosts file on OSX and Linux (or \Windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts file on Windows) so that locally the production domain points to your development server.

On Linux / Mac open Terminal and type "sudo nano /etc/hosts", enter your password and add the following at the bottom of the file.

127.0.0.1 www.productiondomain.com

On windows just browse to the \Windows\system32\drivers\etc\ folder and open the hosts file with Notepad and add the same line.

This enables you to configure WordPress as if you were using the production domain and your computer will just redirect your requests for www.productiondomain.com to your local server.

If you haven't done this are your database is littered with references to your development domain no need to fear. All you need to do is find and replace the instances of your local development domain within the exported database dump you will be uploading to the production server. This can be done by executing the following command on the database dump file in Terminal.

sed -i.bak 's/localhost/www.productiondomain.com/g' db.sql

What this does is replace all instances of the string "localhost" with the string "www.productiondomain.com" so that all your database records will reference the new domain rather than your local development version. This command only available on OSX and Linux but one could also use the find and replace functionality of your favourite text editor as long as the database wasn't to large.

3. Permalink Problems

The permalink settings for your blog manifest themselves as entries in your .htaccess file which resides in the root of your WordPress installation. However, as you aren't moving the whole WordPress installation this is often forgotten. This causes many links the worked in the development environment to give 404 errors. There are two ways of fixing this. You could FTP/scp the .htaccess file from your development server to your production server, however, there is an easier way. In the WP Admin Panel on the production server go to Permalinks (under settings) and set check the default option (taking note of the original setting). Save your changes (a message saying "Permalink structure updated" will appear) and then re-check the original setting and save changes again. This will cause WordPress to write the appropriate rules in your .htaccess file and all of your links will work again.

Anyhow, I hope you find this useful and that it speeds up the process a little. Let me know what you think in the comments and if there are any particular requests I will expand upon some more of the minutia of moving WordPress from a localhost to live.

I have been testing out TextExpander and for the most part have been really impressed by its time saving goodness. I like the inbuilt bit.ly snippet which enables you to shorten any URL copied to your clipboard and insert the shortened URL into any text area on your mac. However I have been using the cl.ly service from @getcloudapp which produces URLs only 16 17 characters long (nice for saving space in tweets) and so I decided to code my own cl.ly URL shortener in Applescript for use in TextExpander. Here is the result.

set Username to "user@email.com"
set Pword to "passwordhere"
set the ClipURL to (the clipboard as string)

ignoring case
	if ((characters 1 through 4 of ClipURL as string) is not "http") then
		return "Malformed URL."
	else
		set curlCMD to "curl --digest -u '" & Username & ":" & Pword & "' -H 'Accept: application/json' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{ \"item\": { \"name\": \"" & ClipURL & "\", \"redirect_url\": \"" & ClipURL & "\" } }' http://my.cl.ly/items"

		-- Run the script and get the result:
		set clURL to (do shell script curlCMD)
		set oset to offset of "http://cl.ly/" in clURL
		set clURL to text (oset) thru (oset + 16) of clURL
		return clURL
	end if
end ignoring

Implementation

To implement this function create a new text expander snippet and change its content type to AppleScript (this is so it doesn't paste the code when you trigger the abbreviation but executes it). Then paste in the above code filling the email and password variables with your account details (not got one? Get one here).

This is by no means a perfect solution. For a start you have to enter your credentials in plaintext into the script for it to run (a security concern and not great for distribution). Secondly due to AppleScirpt’s complete lack of text phrasing functionality if @getcloudapp changes the length of their URL which they are likely to do as there are only 226,920 permutations of 3 character case-sensitive alpha-numeric strings, the script will fail with very little grace.

Update: They filled the URL space (all 226,920 permutations) and now the URLs are 17 characters long. The script has been updated accordingly. They may fill the URL space happen again however there are now 13,388,280 permutations of 4 character case sensitive alphanumeric strings available so we are safe for now.

Anyway, please let me know what you think via commenting bellow as I am looking at ways of improving this and suggestions are most welcome.

A set of functions for calculating combinations and for outputting the binomial distribution for any given probability and number of trials written in Python. This does not output cumulative frequency tables but it would be easy to implement (leave a comment if you are interested and I will write the code if there is enough interest).

#!/usr/bin/env python
"""
  Python Script to caculate the binomial distrobution for a given
  probability and number of trials to a given number of decimal places.
  @author Andrew Pryde (andrew@pryde-design.co.uk)
  @site http://www.pryde-design.co.uk
"""
 
def fact(x): 
  # Function for finding the factorial of a number
  return (1 if x==0 else x * fact(x-1))
 
def nCr(n, r):
  # Function for n "Choose" r (nCr)   
  return (fact(n)/(fact(r)*fact(n-r)))    
 
def B(n, p, a):
  # Binomial function iteself 
  print "R : Probability"
  for r in range(0, n):
    print r, ":", round(nCr(n, r)*(p**r)*((1-p)**(n-r)), a)
  return

if __name__ == '__main__':
  # Set the variables
  n = input("n: ")
  p = input("p: ")
  a = input("Decimal places: ")
 
  # Call the function with users variables
  B(n, p, a)